This conceptual analysis article assesses the complexity of gray zone confrontations, characterized by prolonged hostile actions conducted under the threshold of conventional warfare. It discusses tactics such as the deployment of unmarked soldiers, paramilitary proxy groups, cyber intrusions, and information campaigns intended to destabilize opponents without provoking war. The piece highlights Russian hybrid warfare as a primary case study, including the use of ‘little green men’ and cyber attacks, and underscores difficulties in political and military responses by NATO and allied states. The article also addresses the ambiguity surrounding criteria to declare an end to gray zone confrontations, proposing a framework based on strategic objectives and activity cessation. Supporting images include armed soldiers in tactical gear and military jets on patrol missions, symbolizing active gray zone operations. The article is published by National Defense University Press and written by Col. Erik Slavin on October 18, 2023.
Category: Military & Paramilitary Operations
Subcategory: Unconventional / Paramilitary
Incident Type: Use of ‘little green men’ (unmarked soldiers)
Country: United States of America
Source report: ndupress.ndu.edu/Media/New…
